What is bioassay procedure?
a. Bioassays are procedures which estimate the amount of radioactive material deposited in the body, either by direct measurement, using sensitive x-ray detectors placed over the chest (lung counting) and/ or other organs, or by detection of radioactivity in the excreta (feces and urine).
What are the principles of bioassay application?
Principle of Bioassay The degree of pharmacological response produced should be reproducible under identical conditions. The reference standard and test sample should have same pharmacological effect and mode of action, so that their DRC curve run parallel and their potency ratio can be calculated [15-18].
Which animal is used for bioassay?
An important source of variation in whole animal bioassays is the influence of some environmental factors on the individual animals during the assay. Thus the number of rats per cage markedly influences the variation of the response of rats to serum gonadotrophin.
What is qualitative bioassay?
Qualitative bioassays are used for assessing the physical effects of a substance that may not be quantified, such as abnormal development or deformity. Quantitative bioassays mean the estimation of the concentration or potency of a matter by estimation of the biological answer that it makes.
What is direct bioassay?
In direct assays, the doses of the standard and test preparations are “directly measured” for (or until) an “event of interest”. Response is fixed (binary), dose is random. the death of the subject, and the variable of interest is the dose required to produce that response/event for each subject.
Is an example of bioassay?
One well known example of a bioassay is the “canary in the coal mine” experiment. To provide advance warning of dangerous levels of methane in the air, miners would take methane-sensitive canaries into coal mines. If the canary died due to a build-up of methane, the miners would leave the area as quickly as possible.
What is the advantage of bioassay?
One advantage of bioassays is their ability to detect the cumulative toxicity of mixtures of both known and unknown chemicals in a sample. Many attributes of bioassays make them an appealing option for a number of environmental applications.
What is the importance of bioassay?
Bioassays provide valuable information concerning the potency of biological products. This is essential for evaluating batch-to-batch consistency and stability. Bioassay data are crucial at all stages in the development of biological products, from early research work to final quality control of finished products.
What do you mean by hormone bioassay?
Bioassay of hormones has a small but important role in defining the physiologic status of selected patients in whom immunoassay results do not correlate with clinical signs and symptoms. The Nb2 lactogenic assay is sensitive to biologic concentrations of growth hormone, prolactin, and human placental lactogen.
What is matching bioassay?
Matching point or bracketing method: • Here a constant dose of the standard is bracketed by varying dose of sample until an exact matching between the standard dose responses and the particular dose response of the sample is achieved.
What is qualitative and quantitative bioassay?
Which is an example of a bioassay experiment?
One well known example of a bioassay is the “canary in the coal mine” experiment. To provide advance warning of dangerous levels of methane in the air, miners would take methane-sensitive canaries into coal mines. If the canary died due to a build-up of methane, the miners would leave the area as quickly as possible.
How are bioassays used in the real world?
Several studies have compared the sensitivies of various types of seeds to common pollutants (for example, Wang and Williams, 1988; Wang, 1987; Wang, 1986). The following are a few examples of ways in which lettuce seed bioassays have been used by scientists for environmental testing purposes:
How is a bioassay different from a chemical assay?
Bioassay might measure a diff aspect of the same substance compared to chemical assay. The test solution and standard should be compared for their established pharmacological effect using a specified pharmacological technique.
What can bacteria be used for in bioassay?
Bacteria can be used in bioassays. For example, the use of bacteria to detect and determine the amount of antibiotics or compounds that might be carcinogens in a sample has been practiced for decades. Another particularly useful bacterial bioassay involves the use of bacteria that have been designed to fluoresce (to emit light).